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System Design · Concept

Denormalization

Denormalization stores redundant copies of data to avoid expensive joins. It can speed up reads, but it adds write work and consistency complexity.

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  • Relational database management system (RDBMS)
  • Federation
  • Sharding
  • SQL tuning
  • Materialized views

Source: GitHub - donnemartin/system-design-primer: Learn how to design large-scale systems. Prep for the system design interview. Includes Anki flashcards.. Checked 2026-11-03.