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Authentication Done Right: Sessions, JWTs, OAuth and Passkeys Explained

Which approach fits which app, and the security details that separate safe from risky.

MasterClass Buddy Editorial

Engineering editorial team · 8 min read ·

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Learning Objectives & Key Takeaways

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What you will learn
  1. Server sessions in httpOnly cookies are simple and easy to revoke.
  2. JWTs suit stateless APIs but need short lifetimes and rotation.
  3. Passkeys remove passwords and resist phishing.

Who are you, and can you prove it?

Authentication answers who a user is; authorisation answers what they may do. Mixing them up is the root of many security bugs.

Most apps today combine a few building blocks: a login method (password, OAuth, passkey), a way to remember the user (session cookie or token) and checks on every request.

In the rest of this story
  1. Sessions versus tokens
  2. A safe session cookie
  3. Checklist
1 code example · 8 min read in full
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MasterClass Buddy Editorial

Engineering editorial team. Contributing deep-dive engineering architectures, cloud paradigms, and system design insights to Master Class Buddy.