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LangGraph blueprint · Insurance

Motor insurance claims processing

Documents, photos and policy rules are checked in parallel, and only risky claims reach an adjuster.

Steps
7
Subjective questions
32
Objective questions
32

The problem and the outcome

Problem: Simple claims wait weeks in the same queue as complex and suspicious ones.

Outcome: Low-risk claims paid the same day; adjusters focus on the hard cases.

Architecture

Claim filedphotos · FIR · bills01Document &image reader02Policy covercheck03Damage estimatevision model04Fraud signalsduplicates · history05Decision noderoute by risk06Fast-trackpayoutAdjuster reviewfull evidence07low riskhigh value / risk

How it works, step by step

  1. The customer files a claim with photos, the police report and repair bills.
  2. A multimodal model reads the documents and photos into structured fields.
  3. The policy is checked: is the cover active, and what is the deductible?
  4. A vision model estimates the repair cost from the damage photos.
  5. Fraud checks look for reused photos, repeat claims and mismatched dates.
  6. Low-risk, low-value claims are fast-tracked for a same-day payout.
  7. Everything else goes to a human adjuster with the full evidence pack.

Tech stack

  • LangGraph with parallel branches
  • Document and image readers (OCR, vision model)
  • Policy rules engine
  • Fraud scoring
  • Adjuster workbench

Key design decisions

  • Check documents, cover, damage and fraud signals in parallel, then join them at one decision node.
  • Fast-track only low-value, low-risk claims; everything else goes to an adjuster with the evidence gathered.
  • Cover rules are code, not model judgement.

Common mistakes

  • Auto-rejecting claims, rather than routing doubtful ones to people.
  • Vision estimates used as final amounts without a range or confidence.
  • Not explaining a decision, which regulators often require.

What to measure

  • Straight-through processing rate
  • Claim cycle time
  • Leakage (overpayment)
  • Complaint and reopen rates

Most-asked interview questions

Subjective questions 32

1Design a LangGraph workflow for motor insurance claims.Asked almost every time

Intake extracts claim details from the form, photos and documents with structured output. Parallel branches then check policy cover (deterministic rules), estimate damage from photos and repair quotes, and score fraud signals. A join node combines results; simple, low-value, low-risk claims are fast-tracked for settlement, while others go to an adjuster through interrupt() with a summary and evidence.

2How do you estimate damage from photos responsibly?Asked almost every time

Use vision models to identify damaged parts and severity, map them to repair cost tables by make and model, show the estimate with confidence and annotated photos, require garage quotes or an adjuster above thresholds, and never auto-reject based on images alone.

3How do you explain an automated claim decision?Asked almost every time

Store each check's result and reason (cover rule applied, estimate breakdown, fraud indicators), generate a plain-language explanation from those structured results, and give the customer a way to appeal to a human.

4How does LangGraph run several checks in parallel?Very often asked

Fan out from one node to several nodes with edges (or the Send API for a dynamic number of items); they run in the same step, and each writes its result to the state. Reducers merge the outputs, and a join node runs once all branches are done.

5Which claims should be fast-tracked?Very often asked

Low-value claims with complete documents, clear cover, damage that matches the description, and no fraud signals. Thresholds are set by the business and tuned using outcomes; anything outside them goes to an adjuster.

6What fraud signals would you check?Very often asked

Claims shortly after policy start, inconsistent dates or locations, repeated claimants or garages, reused or edited photos (metadata and image forensics), damage inconsistent with the described accident, and links to known fraud networks.

7How do you combine parallel branch results?Very often asked

Each branch writes to its own state key (or a list with a reducer); a join node runs after all branches finish, reads the combined state and decides the route.

8How do you handle missing documents?Very often asked

Detect missing items during intake, pause the claim with a clear request to the customer (driving licence, FIR, repair estimate), resume automatically when uploaded, and send reminders.

9How do you measure the claims workflow?Very often asked

Cycle time from first notice to settlement, fast-track share, adjuster workload, leakage (overpayment) found in audits, fraud detection rate, customer satisfaction and appeal outcomes.

10How do you protect against bias in claims decisions?Very often asked

Exclude protected attributes and proxies from scoring, monitor outcomes across customer groups, review fast-track rejections, and keep humans responsible for denials.

11How do you integrate with garages and surveyors?Very often asked

Provide APIs or portals for garages to submit estimates and invoices, assign surveyors through a scheduling service, and feed their reports into the claim state.

12How do you verify policy cover deterministically?Very often asked

Query the policy system for active dates, covered perils, add-ons (zero depreciation, roadside assistance), deductibles and exclusions, and apply rules in code with tests for each product.

13How do you design the claim state machine?Very often asked

Model explicit states such as reported, documents pending, assessing, awaiting approval, approved, settled, denied and appealed, with allowed transitions and who may trigger each. Store every transition with actor, time and reason, so the graph's progress and the audit trail are the same record.

14How do you handle a claim that involves a third party, such as another driver?Very often asked

Capture third-party details at first notice of loss, check their insurer and liability split, open a recovery or subrogation sub-process when the other party is at fault, and keep the customer's settlement moving rather than waiting for recovery to finish.

15Why must an automated claims decision be explainable?Often asked

Customers have the right to know why a claim was reduced or refused, regulators audit decisions, and adjusters need to check the reasoning. Each decision should list the rules applied and the evidence used.

16Which claims should never be fast-tracked?Often asked

High-value claims, injuries or third-party liability, fraud indicators, policy anomalies, and cases where documents conflict.

17How do you calculate the settlement amount?Often asked

Apply the repair estimate, depreciation rules by part and vehicle age, deductibles and add-on covers in code, show the breakdown to the customer, and record the calculation version.

18How do you communicate with customers during a claim?Often asked

Send status updates at each stage through their preferred channel, explain next steps and timelines, and let them upload documents or ask questions in the same thread.

19How do you test the claims graph?Often asked

Use synthetic and historical anonymised claims with known outcomes, test each branch with fixtures, test joins and routing for combinations of results, and run end-to-end scenarios including missing documents.

20What regulations affect automated claims handling?Often asked

Insurance regulators (such as IRDAI in India) set timelines for settlement and communication, fair treatment rules and grievance processes; data protection laws govern personal and vehicle data.

21How do you detect edited or reused photos?Often asked

Check EXIF metadata, compare image hashes with previous claims, run manipulation detection models, and verify GPS and timestamps against the reported accident.

22How do you prioritise the adjuster queue?Often asked

Rank by urgency (injury, vehicle off the road), value, SLA deadlines and fraud risk, and show adjusters the summary first with evidence one click away.

23How should the system handle a customer appeal?Often asked

Route appeals to a different adjuster with the full decision record, allow new evidence, and track appeal outcomes to improve rules and models.

24How do you use telematics or dashcam data in claims?Often asked

With consent, pull speed, location and impact data or video for the incident time window, use it to confirm the account of events and the severity of impact, and show the evidence to adjusters rather than letting it decide liability alone.

25How do you handle health or travel insurance claims with the same workflow?Often asked

Keep the graph structure (intake, cover check, evidence, assessment, approval, payment) but swap the domain-specific branches: medical bill parsing and network hospital checks for health, booking and delay evidence for travel.

26How do you reduce the time to first payment for simple claims?Often asked

Pre-approve low-value claims with complete documents and clean fraud signals, pay an interim amount for clear parts of larger claims, use instant bank transfers, and keep the customer informed at each step.

27How do you detect duplicate claims across policies or insurers?Often asked

Match on incident date, location, vehicle or person identifiers and document hashes across your own claims, and use industry claim databases where available to spot the same loss claimed with several insurers.

28What is first notice of loss (FNOL)?Sometimes asked

The initial report of a claim by the customer, which starts the workflow; good FNOL capture (photos, location, description) speeds everything after.

29How do you handle total loss cases?Sometimes asked

Compare repair cost with the vehicle's insured declared value; above a threshold, treat as total loss with salvage handling and settlement rules, always reviewed by an adjuster.

30What audit trail is needed?Sometimes asked

Every extraction, check result, model version, decision, human approval and communication, retained for regulatory and dispute purposes.

31How do you roll out automation safely?Sometimes asked

Start with assisted mode where adjusters see recommendations, measure agreement, then enable fast-track for the simplest claim types with audits of samples.

32How do you calibrate the fast-track threshold over time?Sometimes asked

Audit a random sample of fast-tracked claims, compare their leakage and fraud rates with manually handled ones, and raise or lower the threshold gradually based on the results.

Objective questions 32

1How should policy cover be checked?Asked almost every time
  1. ABy deterministic rules against the policy systemCorrect answer
  2. BBy the model's opinion
  3. CBy the customer
  4. DBy photo analysis

Why: Cover is a contractual fact.

2Which claims suit fast-tracking?Asked almost every time
  1. AClaims with injuries
  2. BHigh-value claims
  3. CClaims with fraud signals
  4. DSimple, low-value, low-risk claimsCorrect answer

Why: Others go to adjusters.

3Where are parallel branch results combined?Asked almost every time
  1. AIn the first branch
  2. BIn the UI
  3. CNowhere
  4. DA join node after all branches finishCorrect answer

Why: Then routing decides next steps.

4Where are parallel branch results combined in LangGraph?Very often asked
  1. AIn the vector store
  2. BIn the graph state, merged by reducersCorrect answer
  3. CIn the browser
  4. DThey cannot be combined

Why: Reducers define how updates from parallel nodes are merged into the shared state.

5Photo-based damage estimates should…Very often asked
  1. AReplace adjusters entirely
  2. BBe hidden from customers
  3. CShow confidence and need quotes above thresholdsCorrect answer
  4. DAuto-reject claims

Why: Never deny on images alone.

6Which is a fraud signal?Very often asked
  1. AA long-time customer
  2. BA claim filed on time
  3. CA claim shortly after policy startCorrect answer
  4. DA claim with clear photos

Why: Early claims raise risk.

7What should happen when documents are missing?Very often asked
  1. AIgnore them
  2. BPause and request them, resuming on uploadCorrect answer
  3. CReject the claim
  4. DGuess the contents

Why: Automatic reminders speed things up.

8How is the settlement amount calculated?Very often asked
  1. ACode applying estimates, depreciation and deductiblesCorrect answer
  2. BThe model's estimate alone
  3. CThe customer's request
  4. DA random value

Why: Always show the customer the breakdown.

9Which metric shows overpayment?Very often asked
  1. ACycle time
  2. BNumber of photos
  3. CApp downloads
  4. DLeakage found in auditsCorrect answer

Why: Leakage measures money lost to overpayment.

10Who must decide claim denials?Very often asked
  1. AThe fraud score alone
  2. BThe garage
  3. CThe model
  4. DHuman adjustersCorrect answer

Why: Customers can appeal.

11Every claim state transition should record…Very often asked
  1. AThe customer's password
  2. BNothing; states are temporary
  3. CActor, time and reasonCorrect answer
  4. DOnly the new state

Why: The transition log is the audit trail.

12When another driver is at fault, the insurer usually…Very often asked
  1. AWaits for the other insurer before paying
  2. BDenies the claim
  3. CCloses the case
  4. DStarts subrogation while settling its customerCorrect answer

Why: Recovery runs in parallel with the customer's settlement.

13A high-value claim with fraud signals should go to…Often asked
  1. AAn adjuster with the full evidenceCorrect answer
  2. BAutomatic rejection
  3. CThe customer for self-approval
  4. DFast-track payout

Why: Risky cases need a person's judgement.

14Policy cover should be checked by…Often asked
  1. AThe model's general knowledge
  2. BA rules engine applying the policy termsCorrect answer
  3. CThe customer's description only
  4. DRandom sampling

Why: Cover depends on exact contract terms, which code applies consistently.

15Edited photos are detected using…Often asked
  1. ANothing
  2. BMetadata, hashes and manipulation detectionCorrect answer
  3. CFile size only
  4. DColour checks

Why: Compare with past claims.

16What is FNOL?Often asked
  1. AFinal note of liability
  2. BFast network online
  3. CFraud notification log
  4. DFirst notice of lossCorrect answer

Why: It is what starts the claim.

17Total loss is considered when…Often asked
  1. ARepair cost approaches the insured valueCorrect answer
  2. BThe car is old
  3. CThe customer asks
  4. DPhotos are blurry

Why: Adjusters review these cases.

18Appeals should go to…Often asked
  1. AThe same automated rule
  2. BNobody
  3. CThe garage
  4. DA different adjuster with the full recordCorrect answer

Why: Fresh eyes on the decision.

19Adjuster queues should be ranked by…Often asked
  1. ACustomer age
  2. BUrgency, value, SLA and riskCorrect answer
  3. CAlphabetical order
  4. DArrival time only

Why: Handle urgent claims first.

20Which Indian regulator oversees insurance?Often asked
  1. ASEBI
  2. BTRAI
  3. CRBI only
  4. DIRDAICorrect answer

Why: Sets claim timelines.

21What keeps scoring free from protected attributes?Often asked
  1. AHigher thresholds
  2. BIgnoring bias
  3. CExcluding them and proxies, then monitoring outcomesCorrect answer
  4. DAdding more data

Why: Fair treatment rules apply.

22Garages submit estimates through…Often asked
  1. APhone calls only
  2. BSocial media
  3. CThe fraud model
  4. DAPIs or portalsCorrect answer

Why: Feeds into claim state.

23Telematics data in a claim should…Often asked
  1. ADecide liability automatically
  2. BBe collected without consent
  3. CReplace the customer's statement
  4. DSupport the adjuster's assessment with consentCorrect answer

Why: Evidence informs; people decide.

24Health and motor claims can share…Often asked
  1. AThe same evidence rules
  2. BThe same assessors
  3. CIdentical documents
  4. DThe overall graph structureCorrect answer

Why: Domain-specific branches plug into a common flow.

25An interim payment helps by…Often asked
  1. AAvoiding any assessment
  2. BReducing premiums
  3. CClosing the claim
  4. DPaying the clear part of a larger claim earlyCorrect answer

Why: Customers get money sooner while the rest is assessed.

26Duplicate claims are found by matching…Often asked
  1. ACustomer names only
  2. BPremium amounts
  3. CAgent IDs
  4. DIncident details and document hashesCorrect answer

Why: The same loss leaves matching fingerprints.

27Customers should receive…Sometimes asked
  1. AOnly a final letter
  2. BDaily marketing
  3. CStatus updates at each stageCorrect answer
  4. DNothing until payment

Why: Reduces calls and complaints.

28How should automation be introduced?Sometimes asked
  1. AAssisted mode first, then fast-track simple claimsCorrect answer
  2. BFull automation on day one
  3. CNever automate
  4. DOnly for high-value claims

Why: Measure agreement first.

29What must the audit trail include?Sometimes asked
  1. AOnly payments
  2. BOnly photos
  3. CNothing
  4. DChecks, model versions, decisions and approvalsCorrect answer

Why: The trail is needed for disputes.

30Which add-on affects settlement calculations?Sometimes asked
  1. APaint colour
  2. BRadio brand
  3. CTyre pressure
  4. DZero depreciation coverCorrect answer

Why: It changes depreciation rules.

31How are claim branches tested?Sometimes asked
  1. ABy reading logs
  2. BWith fixtures per branch and combined scenariosCorrect answer
  3. COnly end to end in production
  4. DNot at all

Why: Test joins and routing too.

32The fast-track threshold should be tuned using…Sometimes asked
  1. ACustomer complaints only
  2. BA fixed rule forever
  3. CThe model's confidence alone
  4. DAudits of random fast-tracked claimsCorrect answer

Why: Audits reveal leakage and fraud rates.

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