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Concurrency Basics Every Developer Needs: Threads, Async, Locks and Races

Why two correct pieces of code can be wrong together, and the tools that prevent it.

MasterClass Buddy Editorial

Engineering editorial team · 7 min read ·

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What you will learn
  1. Concurrency is about dealing with many things at once; parallelism is doing them at once.
  2. A race condition happens when the result depends on timing.
  3. Atomic operations, locks and idempotency prevent lost updates.

Bugs that only appear under load

Two requests read a seat count of 1, both see it available, both book it. Each request was correct; together they oversold the seat. That is a race condition, and it never shows up when you test alone.

Every backend developer meets these bugs, even in single-threaded JavaScript, because requests and database transactions interleave.

In the rest of this story
  1. Concepts in plain words
  2. Fixing a lost update
  3. How to reason about it
1 code example · 7 min read in full
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MasterClass Buddy Editorial

Engineering editorial team. Contributing deep-dive engineering architectures, cloud paradigms, and system design insights to Master Class Buddy.